Restructuring agitators currently pushing for regionalism, as opposed to the 2014 Confab Resolutions of "States as federating units", are either ignorant of the history of regionalism, driven by prebendalist or internal colonialistic or separatist motives. This will set Nigeria back in the quest for representative democracy for every one of its 371 ethnicities regardless of size, without which the country will continue to be destabilized and unable to act as a nation. Some actually see regionalism as a step towards the fulfilment of their separatist dreams to opt out of Nigeria.
The British used regionalism to put a knife to what held the country together as an indigenous African civilization and ever since then, things permanently fell apart as the center no longer held. To place the Southern Protectorate made up of Original African civilization at a demographic, geographic and political disadvantage, they shaved the top of the core of the Original African civilization, and added it to the Northern Protectorate.
If the colonists had stopped at wrongly adding the upper Original African civilization, Middlebelt, to the Northern region, eventually due to the demographic and political disadvantages, a united Southern Protectorate/region would have fought to get back their civilizational land and peoples from the Northern Protectorate. This would have naturally swayed political power to the indigenous African civilization that are 70% of Nigeria's population, so in April 1939 the colonists further broke the Southern Protectorate into two regions - East and West.
This administrative violence was to promote regional Pan Tribalistic perspectives that broke up the Nigeria Youth Movement and NCNC pushing for independence. Shortly afterwards, the British introduced the 1946 Richards Constitution based on regional governments, which gave birth to prebendalism, a political system that the elites used their cultural identity for economic and political profit from the center for themselves, friends and family. The elites only used their cultural identity as a badge and sense of entitlement, and didn't care about its content as they even fought against the constitutionalization of their traditional institutions, in what was essentially a class war between the neocolonial and traditional elites.
The Prebendalist system was a Paw in the bottle trick used to capture monkeys, whereby a nut is placed in a bottle which the monkey can only remove with its fists clenched around the nut that can't come out of the bottle, and therefore captured. The lure of Prebendalist benefits prevented the Southern elite from uniting on a civilizational level as done throughout the world, and even in the Afroasiatic Northern Protectorate civilization.
Before the advent of Europeans from 1415, the Original African civilization was a continuum of dialects, with common genetic and cultural origins, that spread from Southern Nigeria to Southern Africa. For nearly 100,000 years, before any other race was created, the Original African civilization had slowly evolved from a theocracy based on African Spiritual Sciences, to monarchial dynasties. The monarchs at the core were called Obas in Yoruba/Edo lands and due to slight dialect change Obis in Igboland.
With the 1861 colonization of Lagos, their first colony, the British in order to blur the people’s cultural identity and interrelationships, immediately set out to start a process known as epistemicide, which is the act of denigration and bastardization of traditional knowledge systems that held collective history and philosophy, the main thread that tied the people together as a civilization. They commissioned a freed and indoctrinated slave to break up the continuum of dialects, using a single dialect as a regional standard language and tribe, which created distinct languages that appeared distant and unrelated. For example, Oyo dialect became standard Yoruba while Onitsha dialect became Igbo, despite the fact that they slowly evolved into each other as you go along villages. Using different rules of translation, like Oka becoming Awka, the languages appeared to be unrelated. The new dialect turned standard languages were popularized and institutionalized by making sure that they became the official language in the colonial schools, churches and colonial institutions.
Not only did the new colonial social constructs have their own regions for direct access to the center of the unitary state for Prebendalist benefits, their regions had some minorities that they could also internally colonize. In the Western region, there were the Edo minorities that eventually fought for its own region, while in the East, there were the Niger Deltan minorities which the Igbos could colonize but who eventually fought for their own Deltan/South South States. The alluring nut of regionalism prevented the unity of the indigenous African civilization to challenge the Northern Afro-Arabic civilization and their mutual European colonists.
Post independence, the unwieldy regions of internal colonizers came into conflict, as the Northern region of Afro-Arabic civilizational imperialists, who had been unjustly strengthened with the Middlebelt of Indigenous African ethnicities, attempted to takeover the country by backing the division of the Western region, which was done by jailing its political leadership Obafemi Awolowo and removing the civilizational leader Ooni of Ife as the Governor. The Igbo dominated Eastern region overthrew the Northern Afro-Arabic civilizational leadership in control of the center, and later tried to secede. Seeing how the three major groups were unfairly pulling apart the federation of over 370 ethnicities, the regions were broken down to twelve states.
Nevertheless, the regionally inspired Prebendalist political culture was further ingrained into political consciousness. The initial Yoruba-Igbo-Hausa-Fulani tribal regions of internal colonization were challenged and broken up, as bigger ethnicities of the 370 minorities agitated for their own states. The resultant 36 states were categorized into six regions, with part of the Middlebelt called North Central region, while the core North was divided into Northeast region with indigenous African minorities, and Northwest also with indigenous African minorities. To the South, the Delta minorities were called the South South region, while Yorubas had the Southwest region and Igbos the Southeast region.
The regionalism continued to pit Southern tribal political elites against each other in their struggle for Prebendalist benefits, to the disadvantage of the Original African civilization that became susceptible to divide and rule by the Northern Afro-Arabic civilization. Since the Afro-Arabic civilization didn't undergo the colonial epistemicide of its civilizational links based on Islam, the Northern Afro-Arabic civilization could unite their North East and North West regions, unlike the three Southern regions that could unite civilizationally for collective aspirations.
The Confab built a rapport between the South and Middlebelt civilization based on their collective aspirations of self determination for every group within a loose federation. Initially Southwest Yorubas pushed for regionalism, regardless of the fact that fellow Yorubas will be trapped in the North Central region, while Igbos wanted regions redrawn to give them access to the coast and realign Igbos in the South South region to the Southeast region. At the negotiating table, the South and Middlebelt ethnicites whose numbers couldn't make up a region and didn't want to return to Wazobia regional hegemony insisted on states as federating units.
Though the individual ethnicities of Deltan and Middlebelt couldn't make up a tribal region, their combined numbers were greater than those of the individual big three, so in order to achieve the two thirds quorum required to change the constitution an agreement was reached. However, as bad habits are hard to kick, the three big groups with their paws in the bottle around the Prebendalist regionalism nut thave regressed back into regionalism, which means no progress will be made.
Some regional activists can clearly see that it would be near impossible to make state politicians give up their states to regional control which their fathers had fought to gain freedom from regional hegemons. Most disheartening is that though they mouth self determination for all groups over their culture and economics, they want to throw small groups under the bus of hegemonic regionalism. At the end of which nothing will be achieved without 24 states for the two thirds quorum required to change the constitution.
** Justice J Faloye is the author of The Blackworld Evolution to Revolution, President ASHE Foundation think tank, and Afenifere National Publicity Secretary.
