The Federal Government of Nigeria has announced enhanced surveillance measures for inbound passengers from China in response to a surge in Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) cases reported in the Asian nation. The measures, which include potential quarantine protocols, aim to curb the spread of the respiratory virus.

HMPV, which primarily affects children and individuals with weakened immune systems, has caused a wave of respiratory infections across northern China this winter. The outbreak has overwhelmed hospitals and sparked public concern, with social media showing images of overcrowded healthcare facilities.

John Oladejo, Director of Special Duties at the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC), confirmed on Sunday that Nigeria is taking proactive steps. “The Federal Government will activate surveillance measures, including quarantine, for passengers coming in from China,” he said.

HMPV: A Seasonal Threat

HMPV, first identified in Pakistan in 2001, is a seasonal virus similar to other respiratory pathogens like RSV. It spreads through respiratory droplets, close contact, and contaminated surfaces. While typically causing mild symptoms such as cough, fever, and nasal congestion, severe cases can lead to bronchitis or pneumonia, particularly in young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has highlighted that the incubation period for HMPV ranges from three to six days, with symptoms lasting for several days, depending on severity.

China’s Response

In China, authorities have implemented measures including mask mandates, social distancing, and the disinfection of public spaces to contain the virus. A pilot program to track pneumonia of unknown origin has also been launched. Despite concerns, Beijing has downplayed the situation as a typical winter respiratory illness cycle, noting that this year’s infections are less severe compared to previous years.

WHO and Global Monitoring

The World Health Organization (WHO) is closely monitoring the situation and remains in contact with Chinese authorities. WHO has recommended preventive measures such as vaccination against respiratory pathogens, good ventilation, regular handwashing, and staying home when ill. It has, however, advised against travel restrictions or trade limitations based on current data.

Nigeria’s Preparedness

With no recorded HMPV cases in Africa, Nigerian health authorities are taking preventive action to mitigate any potential risks. The NCDC has urged travelers to adhere to preventive guidelines and seek medical attention if they experience symptoms after traveling from affected regions.

HMPV, while not as severe as COVID-19, serves as a reminder of the importance of global health vigilance. The Nigerian government’s proactive measures aim to prevent a potential outbreak and safeguard public health.