The American Dream is a social contract built on the promise of prosperity and freedom for the average American, in exchange for the patriotic pursuit of collective aspirations. This concept spread across Europe from the USA, the largest and most diverse conglomeration of White people, just as China's prosperity is now spreading across Asia. However, Nigeria, the largest conglomeration of Black people, has not yet provided a template to empower Black Africans with a sense of belonging and collective aspiration.

People come together in a commonwealth, giving up part of themselves for collective security and economies of scale to make life more abundant. Politicians typically use two methods to motivate and mobilize the masses: fear or dreams. In the 1600s, Hobbes argued that it was difficult to pinpoint the ultimate collective dream of fulfillment, so the fear of extinction has been the primary political force in traditional societies. Across Black Africa, it is the fear of being overrun by other tribes, while in Europe, it is the fear of invading Russians.

Contrary to popular opinion, it is the development of an economic system to fulfill collective aspirations that dictates constitutions, which in turn define the social contract between the government and the governed. Therefore, until Nigeria shifts from a neocolonial economy to an integrated economy focused on fulfilling the needs of the people with our own resources, neither we nor other African nations can develop constitutions and political systems that genuinely uplift the people. This was the case in our traditional societies, such as Oyo and Oyo Mesi, until slavery and colonization usurped our economic and political systems, turning our dreams into nightmares.

The initial White social contract of prosperity that evolved in the early 1500s was based on imperialistic European monarchs colonizing Native American lands. These lands were given to immigrant Europeans, who were provided with African slaves to plant adapted African crops like sugarcane, cotton, and tobacco. This created an economic system known as the Golden Triangle between Europe, Africa, and the Americas that lasted for two centuries, morally justified by the Biblical Ham story as a form of constitution. The colonial social contract changed with the end of the Golden Triangle economic system, shifting to an economic model in which the agricultural produce of Southern USA plantations was diverted to the non-agricultural Northeast USA for local processing. The profits were then used to fulfill the collective aspirations of White Americans.

This change in the economic system required a shift from the colonial Christian European monarchies' social contract tied to the Bible, to a written secular constitution. The greatest hurdle was not the transfer of British monarch powers to the delegates of the 13 colonies that became the federal government—achieved with the 1775-1776 Articles of Confederation—but the inclusion of African slaves into the new social contract, not based on the Biblical Ham Story. This led to intense bargaining between slaveowners and Northern capitalists/Federalists, delaying the Constitution until 1787 when it was finally resolved with the Three-Fifths compromise, which accorded Africans just 60% of humanity, and restricted voting to landowners. In Haiti, where both the French colonists and local slaveowners were forcibly removed from the economic system, Black people designed the first universal voting suffrage in 1804. The change in the Golden Triangle economic system and the new social contracts spread to European monarchs with the French Revolution and 1832 British Electoral Reforms.

The local adaptation of the USA slave-based agricultural economic system, from being colonial export-focused, led to the development of inland railways that birthed heavy manufacturing. Surplus iron and chemicals used for railways and railcars led to the development of the industrial military complex, whose profits and labor demands far surpassed that of the slave agricultural system. This created the need for a new social contract as slavery ended and its labor was absorbed by manufacturing in the North. With industrialization, the masses organized into labor unions that spread across the USA and Europe, demanding a better contract. This was initially addressed in 1903-1906 with US President Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal. However, this was not enough, as Socialists seized power in the Russian 1917 Bolshevik Revolution to take over collective resources for socially beneficial production, resulting in a new economic system and constitution.

To prevent the spread of revolution to the USA and Western Europe, especially during the 1929 Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced the New Deal in 1933. This involved the accelerated development of sprawling suburbia, transferring wealth to the people and providing employment. Western nations adopted national economic planning to fulfill the People's Dream, ensuring everyone had access to housing, transport, education, health, and employment, financed through budget deficits either with investment in consumer goods or the military-industrial complex. Initially, Black Americans were excluded from this wealth transfer, but since their labor and raw materials from newly independent African nations were needed, the social contract had to be altered with the 1960s Civil Rights Acts.

In Africa, especially Nigeria, the cradle of Indigenous African civilization, our civilizational economic system of kola, clothing, beads, and food, tied to Ifa-Afa-Iha-Fa-Efa constitutions, was derailed with the slave-for-arms economic system, which politically balkanized our civilization into empires like Oyo, Benin, and Igala. The end of the Golden Triangle economic system led European monarchs to turn to Africa to develop a new colonial economic system. Before colonial political amalgamations, our civilizational economics were restructured by overriding our trade routes with the building of railways from our hinterlands to the ports. In Nigeria, two North-South railway lines were built to create a new economic system based on supplying raw materials for European factories and serving as dumping grounds for their manufactured goods.

At independence, Nigerians did not restructure back to our civilizational economic system upon which a new social contract could evolve. Instead, a new pseudo-elite took up the role of economic and political middlemen between human and natural resources and the former colonial masters. To this day, we remain a nation of traders and planters. A few genuine leaders who followed Keynesian and Socialist ideals, like Awolowo and Nkrumah, sought to fulfill the African Dream of making life more abundant with housing, education, employment, and health subsidies. However, within a decade, they were swept out of power by Western-engineered corruption propaganda and other political tools.

By the mid-1970s, the IMF and World Bank attacked the concept of a social contract based on the government fulfilling the People's Dream, replacing it with free market theories that led African nations to shirk their social responsibilities. Western global economic hegemony imposed enslaving policies like subsidy removal and devaluation, reducing real wages and impoverishing economically dependent African nations that hadn't changed their neocolonial economic systems. IMF loans were not to be used for education, health, or development, in order to stall any change in the economic system. Currently, with African nations regaining their pre-slavery global proportional populations, their economies can no longer serve as appendages to foreign economic systems, and their political systems can't fulfill their Dreams. To avoid Russian-style revolutions in Nigeria and across Africa, the political classes must urgently implement a New Deal for a Nigerian Dream. This involves accelerated massive social housing development that would not only transfer wealth to the average Nigerian but also inspire a patriotic feeling of inclusion in a commonwealth that fulfills their dreams.

This New Deal for a Nigerian Dream must end the current neocolonial economic system of being primary producers and foreign importers and bring about a new economic system of industrialization. This can be spurred by developing East-West railways (Lagos-Calabar, Ilorin-Yola, and Sokoto-Maiduguri) that reestablish our civilizational economy. The multiplier effects will develop our iron and chemical industries, creating jobs with reasonable wages for millions of our unemployed, unlike agriculture, which can't absorb them and pays slave wages.

This transformation will be funded by large deficits, an 18-month reduction of imports to the barest minimum to prevent leakages, and the use of nearly 100% locally derived inputs, all organized by the Defence Industries Corporation for efficiency. While this new economic system must be centrally built, for sustainability, our political system must be immediately restructured to devolve power for competitive progressive management. Additionally, we must constitutionalize our traditional institutions, which are the source of our cultural identity and moral values, to end the coloniality of being, power, and knowledge sources.

** Justice Faloye, President of ASHE Foundation think tank, author of The Blackworld Evolution to Revolution, and Afenifere National Publicity Secretary, is an economist and sociopolitical activist.

A Taiwan court of law sentenced a man to three months in prison for invading his adulterous wife’s privacy by installing hidden cameras around their home.

Chinese media recently reported the unusual story of a Taiwanese man surnamed Fan who managed to land himself behind bars for daring to expose his wife’s cheating by installing cameras around their home. The couple had reportedly been married for several years and had two young children in 2022 when Mr. Fan began suspecting that his spouse was having an affair. He installed a camera under the piano in the living room of the family home and another one next to the computer in the master bedroom. About two weeks later, the cameras caught Fan’s wife and a mystery man having intimate relations in the family home, footage that the husband later used as grounds for a divorce.

In February 2022, Fan invited his wife and her lawyer to divorce negotiations, but they were unable to reach an agreement, so Fan filed a civil lawsuit against his spouse for civil damages. Little did he know that his wife had an ace up her sleeve. The woman went to a local police station and accused her husband of invading her privacy by installing hidden cameras around their home without her consent.

Fan’s wife eventually filed a lawsuit against him, and his excuse of having installed the cameras out of worry for his children who often complained that their mother spent an unusually long time in the bathroom didn’t sit very well with the judge.

At the end of last year, the Taoyuan Court sentenced Mr. Fan to 3 years in prison for secretly filming other people’s private activities without their consent and without a valid reason.

The Taiwanese man appealed the decision, but the Taoyuan High Court recently rejected his appeal and upheld the original verdict. Mr. Fan now has to spend 3 months behind bars for catching his wife cheating in their family’s home.

This strange case sparked a heated debate on Taiwanese and Chinese social media regarding the boundaries between privacy and collecting evidence of adultery, as well as the impact of modern technology on family-related issues.

Oddity Central

Nigeria and Niger have signed a deal to boost their security cooperation, the Nigerian military said on Thursday, despite tensions between the neighbours since a coup in Niger a year ago.

"Both parties reaffirmed their commitment to resuming and strengthening collaboration, with a view to ensuring regional stability and security," a Nigerian military statement said after the signing of a memorandum of understanding by the nations' defence chiefs in Niamey, Niger's capital, on Wednesday.

Ties between the two countries soured after Niger's junta toppledMohamed Bazoum and the July 2023 coup has also split the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), raising questions about the fight against Islamist violence in the region.

ECOWAS threatened to invade Niger if diplomatic efforts to restore the democratic government failed, prompting Niger, Burkina Faso and Mali to pull out of the 15-country bloc in January.

They said ECOWAS had failed to help them tackle Islamist violence, signing a military agreement to form the Alliance of Sahel States - a parallel body.

Niger has remained in a Nigeria-led multinational joint taskforce fighting Boko Haram in the Lake Chad region, but has kept its activities to a minimum.

Under the deal signed this week, it "reaffirmed its readiness to resume active participation in security cooperation under the Multinational Joint Task Force", the Nigerian statement said.

Reuters

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) says it has granted two digital assets exchanges “approval-in-principle” to commence operation under the accelerated regulatory incubation programme (ARIP).

SEC, in a statement on Thursday, said the companies approved are Busha Digital Limited, Quidax Technologies Limited.

The approval comes a week after the commission disclosed plans to license providers of virtual assets — including cryptocurrencies — to support youths and protect investors as adoption rates surge in Nigeria.

The SEC said the ARIP involves different cohorts, which comprise two digital asset exchanges, four digital asset offering platforms and one digital asset custodian.

“Busha operates a digital exchange that facilitates the buying and selling of crypto assets with fiat currency,” the agency said.

“It enables individuals and businesses in Nigeria and other developing economies to access basic digital asset investment services.

“Busha’s customers use the mobile and web applications to buy, sell, store, send, receive, trade and invest and make payments in cryptocurrencies.

“Quidax Technologies Limited operates a cryptocurrency trading platform in Nigeria. The platform leverages blockchain technology to list and trade already issued crypto tokens (assets).

“The services are provided via a proprietary blockchain owned and controlled by Quidax. The exchange platform is both web and mobile enabled for ease of access and use.”

The SEC said Quidax also utilises digital wallets to enable its users to store, receive, and transact in “a variety of cryptocurrencies”.

According to the statement, five firms have been admitted to test their models and technology under the SEC’s regulatory incubation programme.

“They are Trovotech Ltd, Wrapped CBDC Ltd, HousingExhange.NG Ltd, Dream City Capital and Blockvault Custodian Ltd,” the agency said.

“The SEC recently introduced the ARIP to strategically on-board firms which had commenced operations prior to the release of the rules on virtual asset service Providers in May 2022.

“Conversely, the RI Program was created to assess the business models of digital assets firms and test innovative products, services and technology in a real-time market environment under close supervision by the SEC.”

The commission said the current cohort of the ARIP and the RI programme is characterised by the increased use of distributed ledger technology (DLT) in creating and trading crypto assets.

The outcome of the process would inform further policy development, SEC added.

“Tests would be conducted on a short-term and small-scale basis and the SEC would continue to work with the participating firms to agree on testing parameters as well as robust consumer safeguards,” the agency added.

“The referenced approvals-in-principle are a precursor to the grant of full registration by the SEC and are meant to ensure that appropriate protection and transparency is in place in respect of each product or service”.

‘OTHER APPLICATIONS ARE BEING ASSESSED’

The SEC further said the two firms are not the only entities that have applied to the ARIP and the RI programmes.

The commission said other applications received are being assessed and would be granted approval-in-principle on a case-by-case basis as they meet all the requirements.

“The SEC uses this medium to reiterate that only approved digital exchanges and platforms are legally authorized to carry out the business of crypto trading in any form in Nigeria,” the regulator said.

“In this regard, the ARIP and RI remain the only avenues for well-intentioned entities to legitimately introduce their digital products and services to the Nigerian Capital market”.

The SEC, therefore, advised the public to refrain from dealing with illegal operators who have not applied to and received approval under the ARIP or the RI programme.

The agency also reminded intending investors to always confirm from the various information portals whether entities “purporting to provide investment services are legally empowered to do so”.

The Cable

Divorce.com, a United States website which offers resources and support for navigating divorce, has included Nigeria on its list of countries with high divorce rates.

According to data published on their website in July, Nigeria ranked eleventh out of twenty-six countries with the highest divorce rate.

The results were obtained after sampling respondents from these countries and compiling statistics from 16 primary sources, ensuring a comprehensive and reliable research process.

The report also revealed a significant trend. Women in sub-Saharan Africa, especially Nigeria, are taking the initiative in divorce more often than men, a reflection of changing gender dynamics.

According to the data, Maldives has the highest divorce rate at 5.52 per cent, while India has the lowest rate at 0.01 per cent.

Maldives tops the list because women in the country have become more financially independent and can sustain themselves without husbands. Also, there is little to no stigma associated with getting divorced in Maldives.

However, India has the lowest divorce rates because marriage is highly valued, and divorce has historically been stigmatised, which has created intense social pressure to maintain the marriage, even in the face of difficulties.

Rationale

Divorce.com claimed that Nigeria’s divorce rate reached 2.9 per cent in 2023 based on available data on marriage and divorce.

Just like Maldives, Nigeria was ranked eleventh among the countries with the highest divorce rate because its women are financially independent and can sustain themselves without husbands.

They stated that the data was arrived at based on scholars’ belief that high divorce rates in Western countries stem from the reduced stigma surrounding divorce and the growing financial independence of women.

Countries with higher divorce rates than Nigeria include the Maldives, Cuba 2.9 per cent, Finland 2.4 per cent, Sweden 2.5 per cent, Denmark 2.7 per cent and Ukraine 3.1 per cent.

For instance, Canada had a divorce rate of 2.8 per cent, while India, a country with a different cultural and religious context, had a divorce rate of 0.1 per cent.

Other countries with lower divorce rates than Nigeria include Malta 0.6 per cent, Ireland 0.7 per cent, Guatemala 0.6 per cent, Venezuela 0.7 per cent, Uruguay 0.8 per cent, Austria 1.6 per cent, and Belgium 1.8 per cent.

Factors that contributed to divorce

According to Divorce.com, various factors influence a country’s divorce rate, and these factors differ across continents.

In the countries with the highest divorce rates, religion, local divorce laws, lack of social support, and limited employment opportunities are significant contributors.

These factors can lead to a breakdown in trust and communication, making it difficult for couples to maintain a healthy and committed relationship.

Other common factors include marrying too young 45.1 per cent, financial hardship 36.7 per cent, substance abuse 40.6 per cent, and domestic violence 23.5 per cent.

Africa

Additionally, eleven other African countries were ranked behind Nigeria in divorce rates.

These countries include Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, Sudan, Mauritius, Libya, South Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique.

Egypt’s divorce rate was 2.2 per cent, Algeria’s 1.6 per cent, Tunisia’s 1.2 per cent, Sudan’s 1.5 per cent, Mauritius’ 1.7 per cent, Libya’s 0.2 per cent, and South Africa’s 0.4 per cent.

Furthermore, Ethiopia has a divorce rate of 2.6 per cent, Kenya 0.06 per cent, Zimbabwe 0.07 per cent, and Mozambique 0.04 per cent.

Determining factors

According to Divorce.com, the primary factors influencing divorce rates in Africa include age at first marriage, financial independence, polygyny, andHIV/AIDS risks.

The report also revealed that women in sub-Saharan Africa initiated divorce more often than men.

Specifically, 34.6 per cent of women with secondary school education, 38.6 per cent of those living in urban areas, 57.6 per cent employed outside the household, and 75.1 per cent in monogamous unions have divorced.

Additionally, they highlighted that marriage stability in sub-Saharan African countries mainly depends on religion and extended family ties.

“In particular, conservative Christians, who considered divorce a taboo in the past, now increasingly believe it to be a better option than domestic violence and infidelity.

“In addition, if a marriage requires paying a substantial amount of money to the bride’s family, maternal relatives will try to keep the union from falling apart. Otherwise, they will have to return the portion or all of the “bride price”, Divorce.com added.

PT

Israel, Hamas set three-day pauses in fighting for Gaza polio shots, WHO says

Israel's military and Palestinian militant group Hamas have agreed to three separate, zoned three-day pauses in fighting in Gaza to allow for the first round of vaccination of 640,000 children against polio, a senior WHO official said on Thursday.

The vaccination campaign is due to start on Sunday, with the pauses scheduled to take place between 6 a.m. and 3 p.m. (0300-1200 GMT), said Rik Peeperkorn, the World Health Organization's senior official for the Palestinian territories.

He said the campaign would start in central Gaza with three consecutive daily pauses in fighting, then move to southern Gaza, where there would be another three-day pause, followed by northern Gaza. Peeperkorn added there was an agreement to extend the pause in each zone to a fourth day if needed.

"From our experience, we know an additional day or two is very often needed to achieve sufficient coverage," Mike Ryan, WHO emergencies director, told the U.N. Security Council on Thursday during a meeting on the humanitarian situation in Gaza.

A second round of vaccination would be required four weeks after the first round, said Peeperkorn.

"At least 90% of coverage is needed during each round of the campaign in order to stop the outbreak and prevent international spread of polio," Ryan said.

The WHO confirmed on Aug. 23 that one baby has been paralyzed by the type 2 polio virus, the first such case in Gaza in 25 years.

"We are ready to cooperate with international organizations to secure this campaign, serving and protecting more than 650,000 Palestinian children in the Gaza Strip," Hamas official Basem Naim told Reuters.

The Israeli military's humanitarian unit (COGAT) said on Wednesday that the vaccination campaign would be conducted in coordination with the Israeli military "as part of the routine humanitarian pauses that will allow the population to reach the medical centers where the vaccinations will be administered."

EVACUATION ORDERS

Israel was continuing a "focused and intensive effort" to deliver aid to Gaza and coordinate the polio vaccination campaign with WHO and U.N. children's agency UNICEF, Oren Marmorstein, spokesperson for Israel's foreign affairs ministry, posted on X.

Deputy U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Robert Wood said it was important that Israel facilitate access and "ensure periods of calm and refrain from military operations during vaccination campaign periods." He added that the United States urged "Israel to avoid further evacuation orders during this period."

The latest bloodshed in the decades-old Israeli-Palestinian conflict was triggered on Oct. 7 when Palestinian Islamist group Hamas attacked Israel, killing 1,200 and taking about 250 hostages, according to Israeli tallies.

Israel's subsequent assault on the Hamas-governed enclave has since killed over 40,000 Palestinians, according to the local health ministry, while also displacing nearly the entire population of 2.3 million, causing a hunger crisis and leading to genocide allegations at the World Court that Israel denies.

The U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs on Wednesday said aid operations in Gaza were "heavily restricted by hostilities, insecurity, and mass evacuation orders affecting aid transport routes and facilities."

Acting U.N. aid chief Joyce Msuya said on Thursday that for the first time in the nearly 11-month long war Israel had reversed an evacuation order for three blocks in Deir al-Balah, adding: "Our teams are working to confirm if we can now return to the premises we had to leave on 25 August."

The evacuation orders issued on Sunday had "led to the largest relocation of U.N. staff since we were forced to leave northern Gaza in October 2023," Msuya said, affecting some 200 staff, more than a dozen guesthouses used by the U.N. and aid groups and four U.N. warehouses.

Reuters

WESTERN PERSPECTIVE

Ukraine F-16 crashes, pilot dies repelling Russian strike

One of Ukraine's F-16 fighter jets crashed while repelling a major Russian attack on Monday, Kyiv's military said, the first such loss reported since the long-awaited arrival of the U.S.-made planes this month.

The jet came down and its pilot died while it was approaching a Russian target, the Ukrainian General Staff said on Thursday on Facebook.

The F-16s had "demonstrated high efficiency" and downed four Russian cruise missiles, it added. Ukraine said Russia launched more than 200 missiles and drones that day targeting the energy sector.

"Connection with one of the aircraft was lost while it was approaching the next target. As it turned out later, the plane crashed, and the pilot died," the statement said.

A U.S. defense official told Reuters that Monday's crash did not appear to be the result of Russian fire, and possible causes from pilot error to mechanical failure were still being investigated.

Ukraine has not given details about the size of its new fleet, though the loss left a significant dent. The Times of London has cited a source as saying Ukraine had six of the jets.

CHALLENGES

President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said on Aug. 4 that Ukraine did not have enough pilots trained to use the F-16s or enough of the jets themselves.

Ukraine's air force western command said on Facebook that pilot Oleksiy Mes died in a combat mission on Monday.

"Oleksiy saved the Ukrainians from deadly Russian missiles. Unfortunately, at the cost of his own life," the statement said.

Mes went by the call sign Moonfish, and CNN reported in 2023 that he was training for F-16 missions.

The jets' arrival was a milestone for Ukraine in the fight against the full-scale invasion Russia launched 2-1/2 years ago.

Military analysts have said the small number of F-16s, while significant, are unlikely to be a turning point in the conflict.

Kyiv has been urging allies to supply modern jets since the start of Russia's invasion to bolster its small and old post-Soviet fleet.

Before Kyiv received F-16s this year, Russia had more time to prepare defences and Ukraine had to use a depleted air force that is a fraction of the size and sophistication of its enemy's.

RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE

Russian troops liberate two communities in Donbass region over past day — top brass

Russian troops liberated two communities in the Donbass region over the past day in the special military operation in Ukraine, Russia’s Defense Ministry reported on Thursday.

"Battlegroup West units have liberated the settlement of Stelmakhovka in the Lugansk People’s Republic as a result of decisive operations. Battlegroup Center units have liberated the settlement of Nikolayevka in the Donetsk People’s Republic in active operations and continue pushing deeper into the enemy’s defenses," the ministry said in a statement.

Russia’s Battlegroup North inflicts 185 casualties on Ukrainian army over past day

Russia’s Battlegroup North repelled two Ukrainian counterattacks and inflicted roughly 185 casualties on enemy troops in its area of responsibility over the past day, the ministry reported.

"Battlegroup North units inflicted losses in the Volchansk, Bryansk and Liptsy directions on formations of the Ukrainian army’s 22nd mechanized, 36th marine infantry and 118th territorial defense brigades in areas near the settlements of Pustogorod in the Sumy Region, Volchansk and Liptsy in the Kharkov Region. They repelled two counterattacks by assault groups of the Ukrainian army’s 22nd mechanized brigade," the ministry said.

The Ukrainian army’s losses in that frontline area over the past 24 hours amounted to 185 personnel, three motor vehicles, a 152mm D-20 howitzer, a 122mm Gvozdika motorized artillery system and a 122mm D-30 howitzer, it specified.

Russia’s Battlegroup Center inflicts 530 casualties on Ukrainian army over past day

Russia’s Battlegroup Center inflicted roughly 530 casualties on Ukrainian troops in its area of responsibility over the past day, the ministry reported.

Battlegroup Center units "inflicted casualties on formations of the Ukrainian army’s 44th and 53rd mechanized, 95th air assault and 15th National Guard brigades in areas near the settlements of Rozovka, Grodovka, Karlovka and Mikhailovka in the Donetsk People’s Republic. They repulsed seven counterattacks by assault groups of the Ukrainian army’s 32nd and 100th mechanized, 68th jaeger, 25th airborne and 15th National Guard brigades," the ministry said.

The Ukrainian army’s losses in that frontline area over the past 24 hours amounted to 530 personnel, a US-made M113 armored personnel carrier, six motor vehicles, two 152mm D-20 howitzers, a 122mm D-30 howitzer and a 100mm Rapira anti-tank gun, it specified.

Reuters/Tass

On Sunday, the police and the Shiite religious group had another violent encounter in Wuse district, the Federal Capital Territory. As is all too common to these their frequent confrontations, people died. The police confirmed the death of two of their officers, and three others were also reportedly hospitalised due to critical injuries they sustained. Three police patrol vehicles were also said to have been set ablaze. The police issued a press release stating the attack on them was “unprovoked,” while the Shiites, on their own part, maintained that they were going about their own business of peaceful procession when the police appeared and began shooting indiscriminately.

Definitely, one party—or both—is not telling the whole truth and nothing but the truth. I find it hard to accept that the Shiites attacked the police without any provocation whatsoever, and I doubt the police would be so crazy that they would instigate the attack that left their men dead for no reason. Something had to have happened, and whatever it was, certainly preceded their Sunday encounter. Since neither side will admit any fault, the truth remains locked up somewhere in the middle of both accounts, frustratingly unreachable. It would be a waste of time and effort trying to decide right and wrong between the two sides.

The story of both is always about the police suspecting the Shiites of being up to mischief and the Shiites pushing back. In April, the police claimed they received an “intelligence” warning that the “armed wing” of the Shiites movement was planning to attack police operatives at locations such as hotels, beer parlours, black spots, residences, and checkpoints, among other locations. The Shiites, of course, denied the intelligence of that “intelligence” report. Just a week before the intelligence was received, the Shiites had also alleged the police killed five of them and injured 25 others during their pro-Palestinian demonstration in Kaduna.

Also, in July, the police announced a ban on a planned procession by the Shiites to mark the 2024 Islamic Ashura day ceremony saying they would use the occasion to foment trouble. April last year too, another clash between them reportedly left 20 injured. A month before then, the Shiites had also accused the state government of killing five of their members. I could keep going on and on about the tension between the Shiites and the police, but you already understand.

But it is not only the police that have problems with the Shiites. In 2014, another deadly showdown with the military claimed the lives of 34 members of the group, including three of the sons of Sheikh Ibrahim El-Zakzaky, the leader of the movement. Goodluck Jonathan was the president at the time, and he reportedly called to apologise to El-Zakzaky. In a country where people do not treat their laws as mere suggestions, murders are not resolved through futile apologies but through the justice system. But, this is Nigeria.

Compared to his successor, Muhammadu Buhari, Jonathan’s “sorry” at least demonstrated his humaneness. “Buhari” and “humane,” used in the same sentence, is oxymoronic. In 2015, months after his inauguration, the Shiites were attacked in their communities by soldiers after a confrontation where some of them blocked the then Chief of Army Staff, Tukur Buratai, from using a highway that runs through their Zaria headquarters. It was not enough that the soldiers dispersed them with gunshots at the scene, but they also returned to commit a massacre that left 347 people— please note these are official figures—dead.

El-Zakzaky was arrested following the invasion and incarcerated for a long time. The Army deployed heavily armed soldiers, bulldozers, and excavators to demolish the headquarters in an operation that lasted two days. Despite the result of the judicial panel that gave us the tally of 347 deaths, there was neither justice nor closure. One can only imagine the trauma that those who went through that incident still experience, and how it clouds their relationship with the police.

When Buhari was asked on national television about the incident, he did not think the killings warranted as much as compassion let alone justice. A subhuman mongrel, he not only dismissed the massacre, but also later made Buratai an ambassador. Meanwhile, following the massacre, Buratai embarked on various image-refurbishing projects to project himself as what he was not, to cleanse himself of the blood of the Shiites splattered across his face.

In dealing with the Shiites, Buhari allowed his religious prejudices to get in the way of his responsibility to them as the leader of a diverse and complex country. It is the same prejudice, still held by top-ranking officers in the various bureaucratic units of national administration, that percolates into the agencies that constantly clash with the Shiites.

In the wake of the Sunday incident, the Shiites are accusing the police of going to the hospitals to arrest and detain their members. That is a serious accusation, one that the police will likely never respond to, either out of professional haughtiness or simply because the structures of accountability that can compel a response are virtually non-existent. Either way, the Sunday incident and its aftermath are already setting out the basis of another round of violent encounters when next they meet. That is the unfortunate way people and institutions get caught in an unending loop of destructive behaviours to which they become so habituated that they cannot imagine any other possibility of being. There is a need for a rethink in their relationship and approach to each other.

It might sound radical—and even naïve—to suggest they come to a truce, but there are no better alternatives. Also, I do not think the endless cycles of killings and destruction exhaust the possibilities of the relationship between the police and the Shiites. Issues between them are seemingly intractable, but the deaths and destructions are unacceptable. From Kaduna to the FCT, there is hardly ever a time that they are not at loggerheads; their histories are complicated. Nonetheless, it is not so hopeless that this is all there can ever be. There must be a way Shiites can have their numerous processions in peace, and police lives and scarce resources are not needlessly expended. All it takes is moral imagination and the summoning of the right political will.

If there is anything to learn by now, it is that no amount of violence can stop the Shiites from doing their thing. Despite everything they have gone through, they are still not giving up on existing. They are extremely resolute people; nothing the Nigeria police or the military do will stop these people. Their resolve seems unbreakable, and the antagonism strengthens it. In that case, there must be another way beyond the constant clashes: a truce. Rather than the constant clashes that claim lives and property, they should be allowed to believe what they believe, express it as they want to express it, and do so without infringing on the rights of others to live and exist freely. There should be a way for both parties to get to that point—perhaps by seeking mediation. Like I said, given their complex history, it will take a lot of imagination and will to achieve a less tense situation, but it is not impossible.

Finally, this is not to say that the Shiites are guileless, or that they are always the innocent party in every encounter. Nothing is ever that uncomplicated, especially for a group who have had numerous brushes with enforcement agents—many of them which left the trademark “sorrow tears and blood” in its wake. There will be mutual suspicions, and their issues will not magically blow over, but at least there will be fewer deaths and destructions.

Punch

Which of the following resonates more with you: Would you say that you live to work? Or, that you work to live?

Here's another question: What does "good" work look like to you? Is it structured and organized, like following a recipe when cooking a meal? Or do you prefer to trust your gut and go with your instinct?

The way you answer these questions reflects much about your personality. Conscientiousness is one of the "big five" traits in the five-factor model of personality, a widely accepted personality theory.

What is conscientiousness? Why is knowing how conscientious you are important? And what does this personality trait look like in the real world? The answer to those questions will help you to know yourself better and build your emotional intelligence, so you can better understand your emotions and leverage them for good.

What is conscientiousness?

In simple terms, conscientiousness is a personality trait that reflects the tendency to be responsible, organized, and hard-working.

More conscientious people are typically determined and can control their impulses. In other words, they're able to delay gratification--what feels good--to pursue and achieve their goals. They also stick closely to rules and take seriously commitments they've made to others.

In contrast, those who have low conscientiousness are more spontaneous and flexible. They too may be good workers, but they prioritize finding joy in their work and having a good time. Chaotic, messy environments don't bother them, but they dislike rigid structure.

As with other traits, being high or low score Conscientiousness isn't "good" or "bad." Both ends of the spectrum come with inherent strengths and weaknesses.

Why is conscientiousness important?

Understanding the conscientiousness trait can help you better see yourself the way others see you.

For example, do people enthusiastically endorse you as someone who is reliable and trustworthy? Or, are they reluctant to recommend you for work, even if they consider you a friend?

As you learn more about conscientiousness, you'll start to identify which tendencies are holding you back from greater success.

What does conscientiousness look like?

If you have a high level of conscientiousness, you likely value system and order. Following plans, directions, and organizational systems ensures things get followed through to completion and you achieve results. You appreciate when others are structured, too.

Your ability to exercise self-control and delay gratification helps you achieve your goals. If you set your mind to something, you're going to do it. Additionally, your strong sense of duty makes you reliable.

At the same time, though, many people may find it difficult to work with you.

Your commitment to getting things done may make you inflexible, unreasonable, or overly serious. Your attention to detail may make you a perfectionist. What's more, your obligation to deliver on what you've promised--even as circumstances change--can turn you into a workaholic, even putting you on a path to burnout.

What if you have a low level of conscientiousness?

You appreciate a more flexible, open style of working. After all, if there's work to do, why not make it enjoyable? Rather than follow a rulebook or detailed set of instructions, you prefer to figure things out as you go.

Whereas more conscientious people can achieve success through their compliance and follow-through to systems, you can succeed because of your flexibility. You're more creative and open to new methods. Others may appreciate your reasonableness. When things go wrong, you may be easily able to change direction. Further, since you place a priority on fun and a good time, others are likely to enjoy working with you.

But at the same time, you may struggle with achieving your goals or finishing important tasks and projects. You may procrastinate or prioritize the wrong things. If others see you as unreliable, you may get passed over for raises, promotions, or projects.

Inc

More than 31.8 million Nigerians are currently facing acute food scarcity due to insecurity and the removal of subsidy on petrol. 

According to a 2024 report by Cadre Harmonise, the “surge in food commodity prices due to the removal of fuel subsidy in addition to security challenges has placed millions of Nigerians in a precarious situation”.

Julie Osagie-Jacobs, spokesperson of the ministry of budget and economic planning, said the report was presented on Tuesday by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Green Action in Enterprises (GAIN), GIZ, and Agsys.

The report also indicated a sharp rise from the 18.6 million people assessed as vulnerable to acute food insecurity in 2023 — by the UN World Food Programme.

Emeka Obi, permanent secretary in the ministry of budget and economic planning, said the meeting was convened to discuss what ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs) are doing to achieve food security in Nigeria.

Obi appreciated the development partners “for their dedication in moving the food system forward in Nigeria while noting that their collective efforts would continually lead to innovative solutions that would strengthen the food systems”.

Sanjo Faniran, national convenor of food systems in Nigeria and director of social development in the ministry of budget and economic planning, said the review meeting aimed “to identify gaps, successes and challenges, offer recommendations as well as peer review, among MDAs”.

The stakeholders advocated for a multi-sectoral approach in tackling food security, adding that all the challenges must be addressed simultaneously.

In July, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said food inflation in Nigeria surged to 40.87 percent.

Nigerians took to the streets from August 1-10 to protest against hunger and ballooning inflation. The country has been grappling with its worst cost of living crisis in decades since President Bola Tinubu ended the petrol subsidy regime and floated the currency in 2023.

The Cable