We met last on April 21. I went to Asaba from Lagos to promote my new book, Writing for Media and MonetisingIt, at Delta State University, which, according to JAMB statistics, is one of the country's highest subscribers to Mass Communications in 2021.

Ifeanyi Ubah was on the flight to Asaba that morning. I didn’t see him until we entered the arrival hall. He seemed to have added some weight for a man his height. I teased him about his robustly prosperous looks. He replied that journalists like me tend not to add weight because we’re too busy causing trouble, to which I replied that he should not go there.

We laughed and parted ways outside the terminal building. And then, on July 26, news broke that he had died only days after arriving in London. A few days earlier, he shared a video of himself looking slimmer than when I saw him in Asaba in April. He videoed himself singing on a London street with his family, and everyone looked happy.

Gone too soon

He was 52 and only reelected to the Senate last year under the Young Progressives Party (YPP) platform before he defected to the ruling All Progressives Congress (APC). Ubah was the fourth member of the current National Assembly to die this year, bringing to 29 Federal lawmakers who have died in office from 2015 to date.

The others who died this year were Isa Dongoyaro, APC member of the House of Representatives representing Garki/Babura Federal Constituency, Jigawa State, who died on May 10; Ekene Adams of the Labour Party, representing Chikun/Kajuru, Kaduna State, who died on July 16; and APC member Musiliudeen Akinremi, representing Ibadan North Federal Constituency, Oyo State, who died on July 10.

It's not just the number of deaths that is striking. None of all four legislators who died in office this year was up to 55. The outlier was the Federal legislator Abdulkadir Jelani Danbuga, an APC member from Isa/Sabon Birni, Sokoto State, who passed away in October at 64. He died three months after he was sworn in, bringing the total dead in one year to five.

At 52, Ubah was the oldest federal lawmaker who died in office this year. Dongoyaro was 47; Adams 39; Akinremi 51.

By life expectancy projection, you could argue that for a country with a life expectancy of 52 years, the average age of the deceased legislators shouldn’t be too unusual. Yet, if a company specialises in life policies for lawmakers, the recent events may force it to review its premium.

Beyond the numbers

There are 469 lawmakers in both chambers of the National Assembly, with the states proportionally represented in the Senate. Representation in the House of Representatives is based on population (favouring the North), among other factors.

However, the constitutionally provided numerical advantage for the North only partially explains the higher proportion of legislators who died in office from the region since 2015.

When I raised the trend of sitting legislators dying at relatively young age, one immediate response was that it’s the prayers of discontented, ordinary citizens at work. Divine recompense, if you like. Why wouldn’t the discontents come out to vote or hold their representatives to account instead?

I have only anecdotal evidence to support my theory, but the trend elsewhere does not support the view that the deaths of our lawmakers in office are the outcome of spiritual warfare. If religion or culture plays any role at all, it reinforces conditions that not only potentially increase the chances of early deaths but also increase the casualties among the affected population.

Different elsewhere?

What do the statistics elsewhere show? According to the Congressional Research Service, 84 U.S. Congress members – 69 Representatives and 15 Senators – died in 39 years between 1973 and 2012. The average life expectancy was 72, similar to that of white males in the larger population.

In 2015, relevant data about members of the British House of Commons between 1945 and 2011 showed that mortality among the 650 members was 28 percent lower compared to the general UK population. The figure in South Africa showed that in its Fourth Parliament 2009-2014, out of 103 members of parliament replaced, 18 passed away, four of them in car accidents.

The common causes of death in these countries range from coronary artery disease to cancer, especially in the U.S. and the UK, to complications from HIV/AIDS in South Africa to diabetes, kidney-related diseases and accidents.

Because of the availability of data in these countries, it is possible to determine the cause of death and take steps to enhance safety, well-being, and longevity. It’s different in Nigeria, where disclosing the cause of death is treated as taboo.

Cost of taboo

The norm, not just in the legislature but in the broader population, is not to discuss it – an attitude more prevalent in the predominantly Muslim North, where deaths are accepted as “the will of God”, and any discussion of a post-mortem is out of the question.

Such cultural attitudes, reinforced by religion, tend to encourage poor record keeping and further nudge the population to ignore pre-existing health conditions in the fatalistic belief that “something must kill a man” when early detection or greater care could have prevented fatality. A cultural taboo that is useless to the dead and increasingly expensive for the living needs to be reviewed.

It's bad enough that sometimes bereaved families have to bear the avoidable losses of loved ones. In the case of legislators, the death of sitting members also has consequences for the constituents and the electoral management body. The constituents are deprived of representation, and the electoral management body has to conduct by-elections.

In the last election cycle in 2023 alone, N335 billion was budgeted for elections. Still, that sum, later supplemented with N18 billion due to inflation, was not entirely for the general election but also for by-elections that have become a norm.

Court-determined results, political appointments, and, increasingly, deaths have increased legislative turnover and turned the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) into one of the world’s most overworked and undervalued election management bodies. It’s a thankless job.

New approach

We can’t continue this way. Small changes could start with journalists understanding that it is vital to get and include the cause of death in their reports instead of allowing prevailing taboos to take them hostage. Of all five deaths, including Ubah’s, there was not a single case in which the press reported the possible cause of death.

The data of consequential deaths for Nigerian lawmakers cited earlier do not include deaths of sitting members in state houses of assembly, seven of which occurred in the last nine years, bringing the total recorded in that time to 36.

Knowing the cause might not raise the dead; it might help the living take greater care.

The process for replacing dead legislators also needs to be reviewed. We have a system that makes everything expensive and unnecessarily complicated. The Constitution stipulates a by-election on top of other by-elections to fill vacancies for political appointees and court-ordered reruns. Three senatorial by-elections in any state are equivalent to the cost of a governorship election.

Beyond the tears

One way to reduce such unnecessary costs is to use the example of Germany, New Zealand or South Africa, where the next candidate on the party’s list takes the deceased's place. Or to allow the party to nominate the replacement for the deceased since a candidate holds the seat at the party's pleasure.

Beyond the tears of this mourning period, we should find a sustainable way to fill parliamentary vacancies. That’s one way to honour the memory of Ubah and the other dead members of the National Assembly.

** Ishiekwene is the Editor-In-Chief of LEADERSHIP and the author of the new book Writing for Media and Monetising It

Just because a piece of advice is common doesn't mean it applies to every entrepreneur.

Follow your passion. Always be hustling. Don't be afraid to take risks. Every new and aspiring entrepreneur has likely heard common pieces of business advice like this repeated over and over again.

The problem is that these types of tips are rarely universal; each business is unique and needs to find its own path to success, regardless of what has worked for other entrepreneurs.

Below, eight entrepreneurs shared some common business principles that they believe are overrated. Here's why they think you shouldn't necessarily follow these tips, and what they would advise doing instead.

Believe that the customer is always right.

Customer service is crucial to the success of any business, says Mark Stallings, co-founder of Casely, Inc. But contrary to the popular saying, the customer is not always right.

"When a customer is being unreasonable, it's crucial for employees to feel supported, empowered and heard," Stallings says. "Forcing them to appease irrational customers is bad for morale and ultimately bad for business."

Raise investor capital to get started.

While investor capital can be an important catalyst for startup growth, it's not an essential piece of the puzzle for every single startup.

"To start most businesses, you don't need funds or investors," says Piyush Jain, CEO of Simpalm. "I have lots of clients who want to start a business and they waste a lot of time finding investors because they read about it online. You just need guts to launch a business."

Create a business plan.

Most entrepreneurs are told they need to create a business plan before they can get off the ground. Having an outline is important, says Rachel Lipson, founder and CEO of Blue Balloon Songwriting for Small People, but unless you're seeking out investors, having a robust business plan may be unnecessary.

"An extensive document can be an opportunity to organize your new business, but putting that energy and time into creating a website can serve the same purpose -- and then you're much further on your way," Lipson says.

Hire fast, fire faster.

While this may be a common recruiting strategy for certain companies, the rapid turnover could actually put a strain on your team, says Firas Kittaneh, co-founder and CEO of Amerisleep Mattress.

"Having to train new people constantly is a distraction compared to hiring folks who are more likely to grow, stay and thrive with your business," explains Kittaneh. "Instead, I recommend hiring slowly and strategically, with a focus toward nurturing long-term talent."

Never turn down an opportunity.

Wearing all the hats in your startup often creates pressure to "do everything" and "be something" for everyone, says Blair Thomas, co-founder of eMerchantBroker. Unfortunately, taking every opportunity that comes your way often leads to a founder spreading their resources too thin.

"The most successful business leaders are more than comfortable saying 'no' to things that don't align with their overall vision," Thomas says.

Ensure your business is completely unique.

It's important for any new business owner to know what differentiates their company and helps them stand out in the marketplace. However, that doesn't mean it has to be 100 percent unique and never done before.

"Every idea has been explored already and none will be completely brand new or unique," says Stephanie Wells, co-founder and CTO of Formidable Forms. "However, if you can show why your product is essential and how it solves a problem for your audience, it'll be sure to speak to your audience."

Always stay ahead of your competition.

Many businesses focus on their competitors and how they can "get ahead" of them. Instead, it's better to obsess over your customers, explains Cody Candee, CEO of Bounce.

"Focus on your customers and play your own game," Candee says. "It's common to get caught up in what your competitors do and how you should respond to it. But the best business stories I've heard, from Amazon to Hinge, involve companies doing things differently and being customer-centric."

Only do what you're passionate about.

According to Tyler Bray, CEO of TK Trailer Parts, telling people to only do what they are passionate about isn't always great advice.

"Don't expect your passion for watching Netflix, for example, to translate into a dream business," Bray says. "I prefer to tell people to bring their passion to everything they do. You'll be surprised at how passionate you can become about an idea that is truly starting to work."

Inc

There was chaos at the house of representatives on Wednesday over a bill seeking to raise the ways and means advances from 5 percent to 10 percent of the previous year’s revenue of the federal government.

Ways and means is a loan facility through which the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) finances the federal government’s budget shortfalls.

The CBN law stipulates advances by the apex bank must not exceed 5 percent of the previous year’s revenue of the federal government — but this has been observed in breach over the years.

During the plenary, opposition parties staged a walk out after Kingsley Chinda’s recommendation of two percent was rejected.

The minority leader proposed the amendment during the consideration of the report on the bill at the committee of the whole, saying this will enhance transparency in federal government spending.

The report proposed raising the ways and means advances from the existing 5 percent to 15 percent.

James Faleke, chairman of the committee on finance, opposed Chinda’s amendment, urging the house not to go below the 5 percent in the act.

Ibrahim Isiaka, a lawmaker from Ogun state, supported Faleke’s position, proposing the borrowing limit should be raised from 5 percent to 10 percent of the previous year’s revenue.

Idris Wase, a former deputy speaker, moved a motion for an amendment that 10 percent should be maintained.

DEPUTY SPEAKER RULED IN FAVOUR OF THOSE SUPPORTING 15%

When Benjamin Kalu, the deputy speaker and presiding officer, called for a voice vote on Wase’s amendment motion, the “nays” were louder than the “ayes,” but he ruled in favour of the “ayes.”

This provoked the lawmakers, who loudly expressed their dissent with a repeated “no”.

At this point, the opposition lawmaker led by Chinda, walked out of plenary.

Subsequently, the report was adopted and passed for third reading.

Debates on ways and means began on December 28, 2022, when former President Muhammadu Buhari requested the national assembly securitied N22.7 trillion ways and means advances from the CBN.

In January 2023, Buhari told the senate it would cost the federal government about N1.8 trillion in interest if the national assembly failed to approve the N22.7 trillion in extra-budgetary spending.

On May 23, 2023, the senate approved Buhari’s request.

In December last year, Godwin Emefiele, the former governor of CBN, was linked to a “fraud” case involving the apex bank’s loan.

A report by a panel investigating CBN and related entities — led by Jim Obazee, a special investigator — had said Emefiele and Zainab Ahmed, former finance minister, had jointly signed a statement advising Buhari to restructure the ways and means of N23.71 trillion despite presenting “a different figure to the National Assembly on the same date”.

The Cable

The Senate President, Godswill Akpabio, has mocked Nigerians who plan to take part in the nationwide protest against economic hardship, saying he and other members of the National Assembly would be “eating” while they (Nigerians) protest.

Akpabio stated this on Tuesday at the Niger Delta Ethnic Nationalities, Youths and Women Group Sensitisation Conference in Port Harcourt, Rivers State.

The event, organised by the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC), was broadcast live on Arise TV.

A video clip of Akpabio making the remark has also gone viral on social media.

Akpabio’s remark

During the event, the Managing Director of the NDDC, Samuel Ogbuku, said the Niger Delta region was not interested in a change of government in Nigeria.

Speaking shortly after, Akpabio said Nigerians should exercise patience over the current economic hardship in Nigeria which he said would end soon.

“All of us feel the impact of what is happening now. But we are aware it will be for a short while,” he said, apparently referring to the current economic hardship in the country.

The senate president then corroborated Ogbuku’s comments that the people of the Niger Delta were not interested in a change of government in Nigeria.

“Managing Director, I want to thank you for what you said. You said we are not interested in regime change; let us own this government.

“Those who want to protest can protest, but let us be here eating,” Akpabio remarked.

Akpabio, a former governor of Akwa Ibom State, is known for often making controversial remarks over serious national issues.

The Senate president lamented the impact of oil spillage in the Niger Delta region.

“We acknowledge the fact that the impact of oil and gas activities in our region has done immeasurable damage to our people,” he said.

Akpabio assured that the National Assembly was ready to help with necessary legislation to fight oil spillage and environmental pollution in the region.

“The specific issues faced by the Niger Delta must be contained in that communique because we are going to make it available to Mr President,” he said.

“The ones that need legislation will come to us (National Assembly members), the ones that need intervention will go to NDDC, the ones that need more money will go to the president and commander-in-chief and I assure you that those issues will be addressed.”

PT

In a shocking display of callousness and disconnect from the plight of ordinary Nigerians, Senate President Godswill Akpabio has mocked citizens planning to protest against economic hardship, stating that he and his colleagues would be "eating" while the people demonstrate. This Marie Antoinette-esque remark comes at a time when millions of Nigerians are struggling to put food on their tables, highlighting the vast chasm between the ruling class and those they purport to serve.

Akpabio's flippant comment, made during a conference in Port Harcourt, reveals a disturbing lack of empathy and understanding of the dire situation facing many Nigerians. As citizens prepare to voice their frustrations over rising costs of living, fuel shortages, and widespread economic distress, their elected representatives seem content to feast while Rome burns.

This attitude is not isolated. Vice President Kashim Shettima's labeling of protest organizers as "idiots" further underscores the administration's contempt for democratic dissent. Such language from high-ranking officials is not only unbecoming but dangerous, as it delegitimizes the genuine concerns of the populace and frames peaceful protest as a nuisance rather than a constitutional right.

The Tinubu administration, barely months into its tenure, has already managed to outpace its predecessor in inflicting hardship on Nigerians. From the abrupt removal of fuel subsidies without adequate safeguards to the free fall of the naira, the government's policies have exacerbated the suffering of ordinary citizens. Yet, instead of addressing these concerns with the seriousness they deserve, government leaders resort to mockery and dismissal.

This blatant disregard for the welfare of Nigerians is a recipe for disaster. History has shown that when leaders become too detached from the realities of those they govern, the consequences can be severe and unpredictable. The Arab Spring and other popular uprisings serve as stark reminders of what can happen when the social contract between rulers and the ruled is broken beyond repair.

It is high time for Akpabio, Shettima, and indeed the entire administration to step down from their ivory towers and confront the harsh realities facing the nation. Their words and actions betray not just a lack of compassion, but a dangerous arrogance that threatens the very fabric of the country.

To the protesters: your voices matter, your concerns are valid, and your right to peaceful assembly is sacrosanct. Do not be deterred by the callous remarks of those who have forgotten their mandate to serve.

To the government: take heed. The people's patience is not infinite. Your mockery today may well be the spark that ignites the fire tomorrow. It's time to listen, to empathize, and to act in the interests of all Nigerians – not just your own appetites.

The choice is clear: address the legitimate grievances of the people or continue to fiddle while Nigeria burns. The clock is ticking, and history will judge harshly those who chose to eat delicacies while their people starved for justice.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

Hamas political leader Haniyeh’s assassination deepens fears of an all-out war in the Middle East

Hamas political leader Ismail Haniyeh has been killed in the Iranian capital Tehran, according to Iran’s Revolutionary Guards Corps and Hamas on Wednesday, a major escalation that deepens fears of an all-out war in the Middle East.

Haniyeh is the second leader of an Iran-backed militant group reported to have been assassinated in recent days. His death represents a significant blow to Hamas, eliminating its most public figure who headed up the group’s political operations while living overseas.

In a statement, Hamas accused Israel of targeting Haniyeh and his bodyguard in a “strike” on where he was staying in Tehran, following his participation in Tuesday’s inauguration of the new Iranian president.

Israel’s military said it does not respond to reports in foreign media, though senior officials have previously vowed to eliminate Hamas and its leadership in response to the group’s October 7 attack on Israel. It later said it was “conducting a situational assessment.”

In contrast, Israel did confirm it carried out a strike in Beirut, Lebanon, on Tuesday that killed Hezbollah’s most senior military commander, who it blamed for a deadly attack in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. The assassination of Fu’ad Shukr was the most serious Israeli escalation since confrontations between Hezbollah and Israel began on October 8.

It is not clear precisely when Haniyeh, a key interlocutor with Egyptian and Qatari mediators on the ongoing hostage and ceasefire talks in Gaza, was killed. The new Iranian president Masoud Pezeshkian was sworn in on Tuesday and Hamas released pictures the same day of Haniyeh meeting Iranian officials in Tehran.

State run media IRNA said the strike happened at around 2 a.m. local time involving an “airborne guided projectile.” State-affiliated Fars said he was staying in one of the special residences for veterans in north Tehran.

The killing comes at an especially fraught time for the Middle East, with escalating confrontations between Israel and Hezbollah threatening to expand into a wider regional warand as Hamas continues to battle Israel’s military in Gaza amid an unfolding and catastrophic humanitarian crisis.

Musa Abu Marzouk, a member of Hamas’ Political Bureau, said Haniyeh’s death would “not pass in vain,” while senior Hamas official Sami Abu Zuhri called it a “grave escalation.”

Impact on hostage talks?

The White House said it has seen the reports of Haniyeh’s death but declined to immediately comment further, according to a spokesperson. While traveling in the Philippines, US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin said he does not think war in the Middle East is inevitable, but if Israel were to be attacked the US would help defend it.

Haniyeh would be the second Hamas senior leader to be killed since the beginning of Israel’s war in Gaza. In January, the group said its deputy head of the political bureau Saleh Al Arouri was killed in an Israeli airstrike in the Lebanese capital Beirut. Arouri was considered one of the founding members of the Hamas’s military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.

However, the group has been able to weather the death of other key leaders before, including slaying of its co-founders Sheikh Ahmed Yassin and Abdel Aziz Rantisi who were killed weeks apart in 2004.

CNN Political and Foreign Policy Analyst Barak Ravid said the Israeli government sees Haniyeh as one of those responsible for Hamas’ October 7 attacks and while he is not militarily significant, his death “will have significant influence” on the ongoing hostage and ceasefire negotiations.

“This assassination is, in a way, just a matter of when, not a matter of if,” Ravid said.

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, an elite wing of the Iranian military, said Haniyeh’s death was under investigation and results will be announced later Wednesday, according to Iranian state media.

Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas condemned Haniyeh’s killing calling it “a cowardly act and a dangerous development,” according to the WAFA news agency on Wednesday.

“His Excellency called on the masses and forces of our people to unite, be patient and steadfast in the face of the Israeli occupation,” WAFA reported.

Deaths of two Iran-backed leaders

The reported deaths of Haniyeh in Tehran and Hezbollah’s Shukr in Beirut - two leaders of different Iran-backed militant groups - in just a few days are significant in both their timing and location.

Brigadier General (Res.) Assaf Orion, senior researcher at the Institute for National Security Studies said the two reported deaths “increase the likelihood of an axis response, adding Iran and other proxy attacks to the menu.”

Iran has spent years investing in regional proxy groups, informally known as the “Axis of Resistance” — an anti-Israel and anti-Western alliance — supplying them with money, weapons, and training as Tehran has sought to broaden its influence across the Middle East.

Israel’s war against Hamas in Gaza has brought that longstanding shadow war with Iran out into the open – and inflamed opinion globally.

Though Israel has not commented on Heniyah’s death, it has vowed to eliminate Hamas leadership and has a history of carrying out assassinations in Iran as well as against Iranian targets.

In April, Iran accused Israel of bombing its embassy complex in Syria killing at least seven officials including Mohammed Reza Zahedi, a top commander in Iran’s elite Revolutionary Guards (IRGC), and senior commander Mohammad Hadi Haji Rahimi. In response, Iran launched an unprecedented large-scale drone and missile attack at Israel.

Earlier this month, Israel targeted Hamas’ military chief Mohammed Deif in a strike on a designated humanitarian zone in southern Gaza which killed at least 90 Palestinians. An elusive and powerful figure, Deif is understood to be one of the masterminds behind the October 7 attacks though it remains unclear whether he is dead.

Who is Ismail Haniyeh?

Haniyeh, 62, was born in a refugee camp near Gaza City, and joined Hamas in the late 1980s during the First Intifada, or uprising.

As Hamas grew in power, Haniyeh rose through the ranks – being appointed part of a secret “collective leadership” in 2004. By 2017 he had become chief of the group – and was named a “specially designated global terrorist” by the United States soon after.

Over the years, he has participated in peace talks with former US President Jimmy Carter, and met with other world leaders including the Emir of Qatar, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, and Chinese diplomat Wang Kejian earlier this year.

In April, Israeli airstrikes killed three of Haniyeh’s sons and four of his grandchildren, according to Hamas.

At the time, Haniyeh – who was based in Qatar – insisted their deaths would not affect ongoing ceasefire and hostage talks.

“Whoever thinks that by targeting my kids during the negotiation talks and before a deal is agreed upon that it will force Hamas to back down on its demands, is delusional,” he said.

CNN

WESTERN PERSPECTIVE

Russia vs Ukraine: the biggest war of the fake news era

- In early April, some residents of Kharkiv received a series of chilling text messages from government officials telling them to flee the city before Russian forces surrounded it.

"Due to the threat of enemy encirclement, we urge the civilian population of Kharkiv leave the city by April 22," said one alert, which bore the logo of the State Emergencies Service of Ukraine and mapped out safe escape routes on a slick infographic.

It was fake. Volodymyr Tymoshko knew immediately. He's the police chief of Kharkiv region and would have been one of the first to find out about any official evacuation plans.

"Residents started getting these notifications en masse," the 50-year-old told Reuters as he shared a screenshot of the alert, sent as Russian troops were massing at the border 30 km away.

"This is a psychological operation, it triggers panic. What would an average citizen think when they receive such a message?"

Disinformation and propaganda, long mainstays of war, have been digitally supercharged in the battle for Ukraine, the biggest conflict the world has seen since the advent of smartphones and social media.

Tymoshko said he received about 10 similar messages via SMS and Telegram messenger in April and early May, the weeks leading up to Russia's offensive in northeastern Ukraine that began on May 10 and opened up a new front in the war.

A Ukrainian security official, who requested anonymity to discuss sensitive matters, said the Russians frequently sent large numbers of text messages from devices attached to an Orlan-10 long-range reconnaissance drone which can penetrate dozens of kilometres into Ukrainian airspace.

The devices, known as Leer-3 systems, imitate cellular base stations that phones automatically connect to in search of coverage, he added.

The phone barrage was accompanied by a social media blitz as Russian troops advanced on Kharkiv, according Andriy Kovalenko, head of Ukraine's Centre for Countering Disinformation (CCD), a branch of the national security council.

The average number of social media posts classed as disinformation about the war by Ukrainian authorities spiked to over 2,500 a day when the Kharkiv offensive began in May, up from 200 a day in March, data compiled by the CCD shows.

The CCD chief told Reuters that Ukrainian intelligence had assessed that disinformation campaigns were primarily carried out by Russia's FSB security service and military intelligence agency, commonly known as the GRU.

Russia's foreign ministry and the FSB didn't respond to a request for comment on the Ukrainian assertions, while Reuters was unable to contact the GRU.

Moscow has accused Ukraine and the West of unleashing a sophisticated information war against Russia, using the West's major media, public relations and technology assets to sow false and biased narratives about Russia and the war.

The Ukrainian security official acknowledged his country used online campaigns in an attempt to boost anti-war sentiment among Russia's population, although he characterised this effort as "strategic communications" to spread accurate information about the conflict.

BOTS AND MICROTARGETING

Reuters interviewed nine people with knowledge of the information and disinformation war being waged in parallel with battlefield operations, including Ukrainian officials, disinformation trackers and security analysts.

The Ukrainian security official who requested anonymity said that since the full-scale invasion of 2022, intelligence agencies had shut down 86 Russian bot farms located in Ukraine which controlled a collective 3 million social media accounts with an estimated audience reach of 12 million people.

Such facilities are rooms filled with banks of specialised computing equipment that can register hundreds of fake accounts daily on social media networks to pump out false information, the official added, citing one farm that was found by security services in the city of Vinnytsia in central Ukraine last year.

Kovalenko said that at present, the most significant sources of online Russian disinformation were TikTok in Ukraine and Telegram in Europe. Both are widely used in Ukraine.

He said that earlier this year, TikTok had shut down about 30 of the 90 accounts that Ukraine had flagged as Russia-affiliated disinformation spreaders, adding that new accounts often popped up to replace those taken down.

TikTok told Reuters its guidelines prohibited false or misleading content, adding that it had closed down 13 covert influence networks operating from Russia in recent years.

"We prohibit and constantly work to disrupt attempts to engage in covert influence operations by manipulating our platform and/or harmfully misleading our community," a spokesperson said.

Disinformation networks are groups of accounts controlled by the same entity, and often used to push a coordinated narrative.

Telegram said it was developing a tool to add verified information to posts.

"It is Telegram's belief that the best way to combat misinformation is not with censorship but with easy access to verified information," a spokesperson added.

Kharkiv Mayor Ihor Terekhov told Reuters that the Russians were trying to sow panic and distrust, citing an example of social media posts claiming the main road to Kyiv was being resurfaced so that the mayor could flee faster when the Russians came – something he dismissed as a lie.

"They are trying to frighten the population so that people feel uncomfortable and leave the city," he said in an interview in Kharkiv in late May.

By that time, the frontlines of the conflict in the northeast had stabilised about 20 km from the edge of the city after the Russian offensive had initially gained territory to the north before being blunted by Ukrainian reinforcements.

Maria Avdeeva, a Kharkiv-based security analyst who focuses on Russian disinformation, showed Reuters an infographic map, bearing Ukraine's state emblem of a trident, posted on Facebook in early April – around the same time as police chief Tymoshko was sent a different evacuation map in a direct Telegram message.

Unperturbed by a loud explosion from a glide bomb a few kilometres away, she explained how the map and accompanying text included fake road closures and claims that missile strikes were expected in specified areas around the city soon.

Microtargeting - which analyses people's online data to target particular individuals and audiences with specific messages, much like targeted advertising - is complicating the CCD's task of tracking influence campaigns and countering false narratives, Kovalenko said.

"This activity is notably very tactical," said John Hultquist, chief analyst at U.S. cybersecurity firm Mandiant, referring to Russian disinformation campaigns in Ukraine.

"We've seen targeting all the way down to the Ukrainian soldiers in the trenches."

AIRSTRIKE TAKES OUT TV TOWER

Ukrainians are particularly vulnerable to digital disinformation; more than three-quarters of the population get their news from social media, far more than any other source of information, according to a study commissioned by USAid in 2023.

That is considerably higher than in any of the 24 European countries surveyed by a 2024 Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism report, which averaged a rate of 44%.

In late April, as Moscow's forces massed on the border near Kharkiv, a Russian airstrike took out Kharkiv's main television tower, hindering the city's access to information.

Dramatic footage obtained by Reuters showed the main mast of the television tower breaking off and falling to the ground.

While the Kharkiv offensive led to a significant spike in disinformation activity, there have been similar Russian campaigns over the course of the war, according to the people interviewed.

The head of the CCD highlighted a Russian campaign in October 2023 aimed at driving home the idea that Ukraine was facing a tough winter and defeat in the war.

Osavul, a Ukrainian disinformation tracking company, showed Reuters its data for this campaign, which it called "black winter". It counted 914 messages posted by 549 actors which collectively received nearly 25 million views.

Nonetheless, according to Kovalenko, the sheer scale and frequency of Russian influence operations meant Ukrainians were becoming more suspicious of the information they receive, blunting their impact.

The disinformation push during Russia's initial advance towards Kharkiv at the start of the invasion in 2022 - when they got much closer to the city - contributed to the panic and shock that led to hundreds of thousands of residents fleeing, several officials and experts said.

This time around, only a small number left Kharkiv, even though the amount of disinformation messaging aimed at the city was double the level in March 2022, according to CCD data.

Despite the near-daily missiles and bombs falling on the city - attacks that intensified this May - 1.3 million people remain, according to Kharkiv Mayor Terekhov, roughly the same as before Russia's latest military incursion in the region.

The comparative lack of panic also reflects Ukrainians' increasing familiarity with living under attack.

Reuters spoke to nearly two dozen Kharkiv residents in the second half of May, when the city was being hit by several bombs or missiles a day.

Most said they felt no desire to leave and shrugged off the danger, saying they had become used to it. Several said they had stopped following the news.

"This is a psychological mechanism, we get used to danger," Kharkiv-based psychologist Iryna Markevych said.

In late May, Reuters correspondents dived to the ground for cover when they heard the whistle of a guided bomb piercing the air. Seemingly unfazed, mothers with pushchairs continued to stroll through the park and people bathed at a public fountain.

Yulia Oleshko, 55, a nanny pushing a buggy in a central Kharkiv park, said the best way to get through the nightmare was to simply focus on getting on with everyday life.

"Yesterday I was thinking: walking around Kharkiv is walking around a minefield ... but I try not to dwell on these thoughts of fear, otherwise one might fall into depression," she said.

"We abstract ourselves, otherwise we won't survive."

RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE

Ukraine lost more than 60,000 troops in July, Russian Defense Ministry data show

Ukraine lost more than 60,000 servicemen in the area of the special military operation in July, data from the Russian Defense Ministry show.

From July 1 to 5, Ukrainian losses were up to 9,875 troops in all theaters of military operations. They were up to 14,070 from July 6 to 12, and up to 13,075 from July 13 to 19. The figure was up to 23,610 in the period from July 20 to 31.

This means Ukraine’s losses totaled up to 60,630 servicemen in July. The enemy’s daily losses average about 2,000 people. Most losses happen in the areas of responsibility of the Russian battlegroups South and West.

Reuters/Tass

From initially expressing unease about the protests billed to start today, the government changed its stance to advocating “peaceful protests.” It was a smart move. If they had refused people the chance to protest outrightly, they would have fuelled the rage driving them. By asking them to exercise their rights, albeit peacefully, they took the bite out of the whole affair. Almost everyone with a previously radical stance is now chorusing “peaceful protests.”  Do not be surprised if, despite all the noise about a coming tornado, we end up with a slight gust of wind.

Violent protests are not necessarily the answer; in our present situation, it would in fact be unhelpful. It will direct issues from people’s registration of their suffering with an indifferent government to discussions of the incidence of attacks. That will present the perfect distraction for an administration that perennially seeks excuses to justify irresponsibility. From my reading of their attitudes so far, I suspect that as much as they claim to be afraid of violence, they in fact need it to change the narrative from their administrative failings and make themselves out to be unjustified victims of a maniacal public. Former information minister Lai Mohammed played that to advantage after the #EndSARS protests in 2020. I hope no one, no matter how much they are goaded, falls into that trap.  Look at Bola Tinubu saying that he finds it hard to forget the buses burnt during the #EndSARS protest. Imagine! He has no memory of those who died, but he remembers the buses. That is telling of his mind and character.

Coming soon after the Kenyan protests and all the havoc that attended them, governments everywhere should truly be afraid. Given how much the culture of protest feeds off another elsewhere, another country might take up the refrain anywhere, anytime. The dust had barely settled in Kenya when Bangladeshi youths started theirs. Currently, the death toll stands at 200 plus. It is quite understandable why the Tinubu government has overreacted to the mention of protests. They know how many calamities they have imposed on the country in such a short time. Nigerians saw hell under Muhammadu Buhari’s government for eight years, but all the hardships of those years have been quickly outweighed by just one year under Tinubu’s government. Even God in all his rage did not send the 10 plagues in a day!

There are economic situations caused by the global downturn and which hardly anyone could have helped; there are also situations consequent of mismanagement and lackadaisical attitude; Tinubu’s government combines both. Yes, the post-Covid economy and the wars have had negative impacts on most countries’ economies, but the case of Nigeria is such that we are also dealing with an incompetent and corrupt government. Administrative decisions are about what ends up in their pockets; God help the masses! So far, they have inflicted different measures of pain. Even worse, they lack fellow feelings for the poor victims of all their poorly conceived and badly executed policies.

Despite my not supporting violence, I am still wary of well-meaning people joining paid contractors to chorus “peaceful protests.” When the people against whom you want to take a stand tell you that you can protest, but only if you do it peacefully, what they are saying is “make it very easy for me to ignore you.” Because, what good will peaceful protests really do in a political context where leaders only respond to the force of power? Now they are all over the place shouting “peaceful protests” as if peace was ever their love language. All these months, they have either ignored or even gaslit people’s groans. Now that things have come to a head, they want “peaceful protests.” If you truly believed in peace, why did you wait so long before responding to the restless cries of a people that you have systematically diminished?

With the way they have been throwing accusations at political opponents as the ones sponsoring the protests, you can tell that they are already preparing a grand narrative of political persecution that they will use to turn the protest in their own favour. Think about it, why else would Bayo Onanuga and the rest of the Tinubu “scream team” be blaming their political opponents for sponsoring the protests if not because they are readying the grounds for plausible deniability of their own responsibility in the anger that bubbled up and eventually spilled onto the streets? To delegitimise the protests, they are also alleging spurious issues (hardly of any immediate concern to anyone) as reasons people are mobilising. What they succeed in proving with all that spin is their detachment from the realities of the people they supposedly administer.

Senate President Godswill Akpabio—whom no one has ever accused of deep thinking anyway—preferred to believe that the protests are being sponsored by “election losers.” Vice President Kashim Shettima even called those planning to protest “idiots.” While no reasonable person expects better from someone like Shettima who complements his bad mouth with a bad memory and an equally bad faith, his language is still shameful. When the government views you as an “idiot”, it means they do not think of you as human enough to consider giving their policies a human face.

You wonder, do those so quick to deflect issues on their political opponents even have the capacity to understand the public sensibility and reflect on it adequately? Other than protecting their self-interests, what else have they got? They do not care about peace. They have never had peace in mind for anyone but themselves. For them, Kenya is merely a spectre to be weaponised and threaten us. Their aides now tell us to be careful, otherwise we will all end up as losers if mass violence breaks out. But at what point did flesh and blood reveal that to you? The fear of losing everything is for those who have things to lose and does not mean much to people impoverished by your policies.

When Tinubu proclaimed “subsidy is gone” without making adequate plans for how people would fare, did it occur to all these geniuses now writing facile nonsense that they were pushing people to the wall? There is virtually no area where people are not feeling the mad squeeze. What other options are they left with than to fight back with protests? Now that they realise they cannot stop the protest, they issue a set of prescriptions, “do not block the road,” “do not inconvenience anyone,” “do not do this or that.” So, what exactly is left if the protests are non-disruptive? People might as well not bother.

In any case, the Tinubu boys should perhaps not have bothered with all the drama. I do not believe it is a pre-scheduled protest like this they should worry about; it is the spontaneous ones that might erupt if things continue this way that should keep them awake at night. The Storming of the Bastille and the Arab Spring did not set a date, neither did the Romanian Revolution that drowned Nicholas Ceausescu. They all appeared unthinkable to the political establishment until they happened.

That is why all those aides crawling out of their WhatsApp group to dish us lessons about Kenya have it all wrong. This is not the protest you should fear. For all we know, it will be anticlimactic. The over-preparation and over-reaction are likely to dissuade people from participating. Nevertheless, they will do well to remember the Negro spiritual that formed the title of James Baldwin’s classic and take this as a sign of what looms on the horizon if they persist in their incompetence and indifference: God gave Noah rainbow sign; no more water, the fire next time!

Punch

In a democratic society, protest is a fundamental right of citizens. Section 40 of the Nigerian Constitution enshrines the right to peaceful assembly and free speech. This constitutional right allows people to express their grievances, hold leaders accountable, and advocate for change. Thus, Nigerian youths have every right to embark on an 'EndBadGovernance' protest in August to demand improved governance and leadership.

However, as Nigerian youths prepare to take to the streets from August 1 to 10, it's crucial to remember that protest is not a license for criminality or violence. The government and concerned authorities must respect and protect protesters' rights, not suppress them.

One cannot shy away from the present realities. As President Bola Tinubu navigates the complexities of leading Africa's most populous nation, he must prioritize addressing the escalating hunger crisis threatening to engulf the country. Nigeria is on the brink of a catastrophic hunger crisis, and it is imperative that the President takes immediate action to mitigate this looming disaster.

The situation is dire. Hunger, starvation, and abject poverty have become the harsh realities for many Nigerians. The lack of jobs, skyrocketing fuel prices (from N192 per liter to N800), and general economic hardship have created a perfect storm of discontent. The nation is teetering on the edge, and it's crucial that President Tinubu takes bold steps to address these pressing issues, without merely paying lip service.

As the leader of Nigeria, Tinubu has a responsibility to protect the country's image and ensure the well-being of its citizens. The international community is watching, and it is essential that Nigeria avoids the embarrassment of widespread hunger protests.

Mr. President, the time for action is now. We urge you to implement policies to reduce fuel prices and make transportation more affordable, invest in job creation initiatives and support small businesses, increase funding for social welfare programs to support vulnerable populations through credible means instead of the political class, improve electricity supply, boost the nation's production capacity, and engage in open dialogue with stakeholders to address the root causes of the hunger crisis.

In times of trouble, great leaders rise to the challenge. Tinubu, Nigeria needs your decisive leadership to avert this looming crisis. The nation's future depends on it.

While there have been various means to appeal to protesters, the government or law enforcement agencies should not in any way try to suppress them. Suppressing protesters can lead to an escalation of violence. Aggressive tactics can provoke protesters, leading to more intense clashes and potentially deadly consequences. Suppressing protests can galvanize more people to join the movement, spreading unrest and instability. The global community may criticize the government's actions, damaging its reputation and potentially leading to sanctions. Suppressing protests can result in human rights abuses, including arbitrary arrests, torture, and extrajudicial killings, eroding trust in the government and increasing mistrust and resentment among citizens. Heavy-handed tactics can drive protesters underground, potentially leading to radicalization and more extreme actions. This can have unforeseen effects, such as harming innocent bystanders or damaging infrastructure. Prolonged unrest and instability can harm the economy, deterring investment and tourism.

Instead, the government should engage with protesters, address their grievances, and work towards finding peaceful solutions. The government should allow the protest to take place, ensuring freedom of assembly and expression.

To ensure a peaceful protest, the government and law enforcement agencies should establish communication channels to understand protesters' grievances and demands, deploy police and other security agencies to maintain order, protect protesters, and prevent violence. They should employ de-escalation techniques, such as dialogue and mediation, to resolve conflicts and refrain from using tear gas, rubber bullets, or live ammunition, which can escalate the situation. Any responsible government should ensure protesters' rights are respected, including freedom of speech, assembly, and movement, while taking concrete steps to address their demands and concerns. The government must keep the public informed about the protest and any developments and work with NGOs, community leaders, and other stakeholders to promote peace and understanding.

By taking these steps, the government and law enforcement agencies can help ensure a peaceful and successful protest, allowing citizens to exercise their democratic rights without fear of violence or repression.

By exercising their right to protest, Nigerian youths are demonstrating their commitment to a better future. Let's hope their voices are heard and their demands for good governance are met.

** DaSilva is a Mass Communication Expert and Publisher from Ogun State.

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More than half of recruiters admit to asking this as a first question in an interview. This question is intended as an ice breaker but feels vague. Here’s what to say and what not to say.

Q: How do I answer the interview question “Tell me about yourself?”
A: Chances are you’ve been asked this question in a job interview before and chances are you will be again. More than half of recruiters admit to asking this as a first question in an interview. This question is intended as an ice breaker but feels vague. They aren’t looking for your life story or for you to recite your résumé. But the question is autobiographical, so elements of who you are as a person and what you’ve done (and are interested in doing professionally) should be included. And while you don’t have to have a tight 30-second elevator pitch style answer planned, you also shouldn’t ramble on for several minutes. Here’s how I might answer this question:
“I’m one of those rare people who have always wanted to know what they want to do, although that’s evolved a lot over the years. I’ve been working in journalism for nearly 20 years, mostly on the digital side. I’ve been at Fast Company for 11 years, where I started as the editor of the Work Life section and redefined the coverage of the topic, including launching the company’s podcasting arm with The New Way We Work podcast that I’ve hosted for six years. In 2018, I became the deputy editor of Fastcompany.com and led our News and Work Life sections and overall strategy. During the pandemic, I moved back to my home state of Michigan. I’ve found that working outside of New York has increased my access to stories that often get overlooked by journalists based on the coasts, which we’ve found have a lot of success with readers.” 

In a real life situation, I’d likely go into a little more detail than I did above, but that statement gives the interviewer a lot of jumping off points for further discussion. It tells them a little about who I am as a person. I also acknowledge the elephant in the room right away by saying that I would likely be a remote candidate, but highlight how it’s a strength.

Since I’ve been at my job for a long time, I focused on one company on my résumé, but if you’ve moved around a bit more, your answer might draw the connections between your roles—something they might not get on their own from reading bullet points on your résumé. 

When thinking about what you will say to this question, think about how your answer can be the start of a deeper conversation, leading to a stronger relationship with your interviewer. According to public speaking coach Eileen Smith, you should keep three themes in mind when crafting your response: Engage your audience, establish credibility, and tell your interviewers why they should care. 
Open-ended interview questions can feel tricky, but they are also an opportunity to highlight exactly what you want to share, what makes you look your best, and what is most important to you. 

Fast Company